Violence Is Defined By Behavior Involving Physical Force

Did you know that one in four women has been physically abused? How would you feel if this one person was your best friend, your aunt, your grandmother or your mother? Words. Actions. Guns. Rifles. Bombs. Explosions. What do all these words have in common? Harm. Injury. Destruction. Violence. Violence is defined by behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something. Did you know that this issue causes more than 1.6 million deaths worldwide each year? In fact, is one of the leading causes of death in all parts of the world for persons ages 15 to 44. There is a problem in the way human beings understand of the concept of violence. Many people believe that violence is directly linked with war..but in†¦show more content†¦Isn’t it sad how such brutality is willingly accomplished? How Violent behaviour is pinpointed in every continent, country and city of the world. Why is it that when faced with anger, we have such a strong feeling to fight back in an overly aggressive manner. The news is full of stories about murders, kidnappings, terrorist attacks and wars. Many people have the idea that violence is the solution to everything, when in reality it is really the problem. But†¦ may I remind you that violence is not necessarily inevitable. Have you ever thought of this? There is nowhere in our biology textbooks that states that such behaviour is innate. In fact, we do not have a DNA designated for violence. In fact, the only reasonable argument behind the fact that many believe war is inevitable is because we have caused it to become this way. Over the last few decades, worries have shifted. In 1970, children and teenagers worried that it was raining outside meaning they couldn’t go to the park or to the municipal pool. But now, it is the fear of staying safe on your walk home from school or being able to travel safely for a family vacation. Today, children play with toy guns and watch television programs completely unsuitable for their age. What happened to the times when young children made Superman fly from one building to another. Or letting Thomas and his friends slowly navigate through the extensive railway system. Television is one of

Death, The Tell Tale Heart, By The Grimm Brothers - 846 Words

Death is a concept in the theme that has a presence in the short stories Godfather Death, The Tell-Tale heart, and The Story of an Hour. Death is always lurking in the shadows. Death is the unavoidable shadow in the character faces death becomes a companion to the namaste. Death is part of the theme in the story Godfather Death. â€Å"Godfather Death† by the Grimm brothers is a story that tries to make sense out of why people have to pass away. Death is unavoidable to every being. The godson in this story wanted to cheat death, he was not ready to give up his life. He tried to get death himself to give him more life but as the man found out that is not possible. The story explains in a strange way that when your life candle is to burn out and you are to pass away there is no way to avoid it. Death takes his godson to the underworld to show him why he must take life when the time has come. The godson begs him not to take his life and explains he only cheated Death because he wanted to marry the beautiful princess and become the King. â€Å"That I cannot do,† Death replies. â€Å"One candle must first go out before a new one is lighted.† (Grimm) ( 15). He explains that his short candle may be put on top of a long candle so his life d oes not expire. Death tricks the man and says he will do this, but he stumbles and the candle goes out leaving the man lifeless. In the poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† the character accepts that his time has come to pass away. The man thatShow MoreRelatedBrothers Grimm1097 Words   |  5 PagesIntro: Fairy tales are things we know to be true. We are believed that if we have a hard life to grow into, a prince one day will come and give us a kiss and make it all better. bring us back to life if you will, as we grow up we open our eyes to the possibility of landing flat on our face and throwing up a poisonous apple and dealing with life on our own before our prince comes to save us. Thesis: Betrayal and Jealousy may throw a pity party for the step-mother. The betrayal of a husbandRead MoreSnow White By The Brothers Grimm1639 Words   |  7 Pagescautionary tale that has been written by many. Each time it has been told, the authors had a different interpretation of how it should be. The two variations that I will be focusing on are The Brothers Grimm’s story and Walt Disney’s film. Although the fairytales are written and filmed by different authors, they share a common theme and two symbols. The theme that is present in both Grimm’s and Disney’s versions is that evil will always be punished. The symbols that are in both tales include theRead MoreGender Theory In The Juniper Tree By Brothers Grimm914 Words   |  4 PagesWhen an author tells a story the tale usually has some hidden message about how society is acting or how people automatically perceive people. In â€Å"The Juniper Tree† written by Brothers Grimm, the author u ses the characters genders to show that people live up to their stereotypes. Gender Theory is seen when the son is killed and takes his life into his own hands, the stepmother being evil, and the daughter showing the boy compassion. In â€Å"The Juniper Tree† the main character is a boy whose motherRead MoreSleeping Beauty Short Story1069 Words   |  5 PagesThe story (Sleeping Beauty) has been told two main different ways. Disney’s Sleeping Beauty, and the brothers Grimm Sleeping Beauty, both have similarity and differents. The Brothers Grimm (Sleeping Beauty) has an interesting story to tell. The story starts with the Queen and King not being able to have a child. Then later the Queen came upon a fish. The Queen saved the fish’s life by throwing the fish back into the pond. The fish said, â€Å"Thank you,† and granted the Queen her wish to be able to haveRead MoreBrothers Grimms Fairy Tales History1761 Words   |  8 PagesFairy tales, they are my favorite type of stories. I know they have a moral lesson, I also know the tales contain some source of magic or mythical creatures. Fairy tales are known for their happy endings as well. My experiences with these tales were mainly associated around the friendlier, modern versions. As I began to notice that these modern tales were too happy for me, I came across a book with work from Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. I immediately fell in love with their style of Fairy Tales, so IRead MoreSleeping Beauties: An Evolution Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagesthree versions of Sleeping Beauty that I will compare are Sole, Luna, E Talia (Sun, Moon, And Talia) by Giambattista Basile, The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood by Charles Perrault, and Brier Rose by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. Sole, Luna, E Talia (Sun, Moon, And Talia) by Giambattista Basile tells the story of the princess, Talia who was cursed into a deep sleep, and raped by a King and awaken after giving birth to twins. This version is very shocking and repulsive because the King, impregnates the SleepingRead MoreThe Grimm Brothers Version Of Cinderella Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe story of Cinderella is well-known by most people, however, there are several versions of this beloved tale. There is the one told by the Grimm Brothers, depicting a world where moral choices can affect your life in extreme ways, but it is Walt Disney’s 1950 cartoon version of Cinderella that most children think of when the story is mentioned. This version leaves behind both the question of morality and the bloody punishments, allowing children to enjoy an eye-catching, G-rated film. Both of theseRead MoreThe Complex Layers Within the Little Mermaid1206 Words   |  5 PagesFairy tales convey political, moral, a nd social lessons through characters, relationships and setting. They originate from an oral tradition passed down from generation to generation often in a varied form, drawing inspiration from diverse sources such as the Bible and mythology. As societies gained access to the printed word, fairy tales became less changeable and tended to focus on characters who were transitioning from childhood to adulthood (Abler). Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm became renowned forRead MoreCharacter Analysis : Film Analysis Of Snow White1899 Words   |  8 Pageson â€Å"Snow White† by Brothers Grimm. The plot of the fairy tale revolves around the topic of envy of a stepmother to the young and beautiful Snow White. While the later version of the story popularized by the Disney’s production is bright and positive, as this version lacks the gruesome parts of the story. The later cinematic implementation of the fairy tale adds new details to the narrative by changing the illustration of the ma in character. Snow White in the Grimm’s fairy tale is a weak and obedientRead MoreThe Tale Of Fairy Tales1468 Words   |  6 PagesFairy Tales were use as children’s bedtime stories and at often times it teaches a lesson. Many of these tales were originally passed down orally and it was popular among the peasants. Only recently, a couple hundred years ago, has these tales been written down because back in the days many people were illiterate. Even though the adults maybe reading the stories to the child, the child often alters it. That’s why there’s so many different version of the same stories. In most Fairy Tales the villains

Freakonomics Crime and Abortion free essay sample

Mohammed 2 egalized abortion would have been 50% more likely than average to live in poverty. † This statistic that researchers discovered reinforced the belief that if a woman did not want to have a child because of personal reasons or because she was not ready and if there was an abortion ban, the child would most likely grow up in a poor household and have a higher risk of engaging in criminal activity once they reached adulthood. It is reasoned that because abortion was legalized twenty years before, an entire generation of children with a higher risk of becoming criminals were not born and that’s why the crime rate dropped. The fallacy that is apparent when attempting to explain a crime drop with an abortion increase is that the two are simply correlated and not necessarily causal. The authors refute that claim by providing evidence that there is a link between abortion and crime. We will write a custom essay sample on Freakonomics Crime and Abortion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Sure enough, the states with the highest abortion rates in the 1970s experienced the greatest crime drops in the 1990s, while states with lower abortion rates experienced smaller crime drops† (4). The evidence regarding state data is pretty compelling especially when put in the framework of post-Roe v. Wade and the generational gap that follows the Supreme Court decision. Although there seems to be a link between abortion and the crime rate, it all comes down to how a person’s own beliefs will influence them to interpret the data. Conclusions can be drawn to support different viewpoints and once the moral implications of abortion are taken into consideration, then it no longer becomes a logical argument. Works Cited Levitt, Steven D. Stephen J. Dubner. Freakonomics. New York, Harper Collins, 2005.

Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology Essay Example

Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology Paper My friend comes from the city of Sarajevo, filled with excellent history and the thriving In Bosnian culture. It Is located In southeastern Europe on the Balkan Peninsula, and takes In culture from Its neighbors of Croatia and Serbia. My friend kindly Invited me to her home where she lives with her mother, father and brother. They told me the story of Immigrating to America from their home only a few years back, and of the culture shock they experienced having to learn a new language, new customs, and an overall new way of life. Basic Bosnian words were taught to me during dinner as we ate one of the most popular and traditional meals called Icecap. It is a national dish in Bosnia consisting of grilled minced meat, and served on a plate tit chopped onions and sour cream on a flattered. I found it interesting to compare something to our American national dish which is cheeseburgers, or hot dogs, and found out that Escapes are everywhere in cafes, restaurants, on the street and a regular staple in the home. Dessert was Just as fulfilling, eating Baklava and sipping on espresso from tiny cups her mother made. Growing up locally in Bellevue, events that I usually attended were concerts, or dance classes like ballet or hip hop in the usual leggings and leotard. I learned that the activities best known to the Bosnian culture is its regional folk costumes and encase. Youth frequently attend folklore festivals that are commonly spread throughout the year, and I found it interesting to find out we hold these huge festivals locally here in Seattle and also in Boise, Idaho. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My friend dances in one of the dance groups, and took me to one of her dance practices in Tequila. Dances are performed in separate groups of men, women and children, and the participants are linked by holding hands and waving colorful handkerchiefs. The music consisted of Slavic music and traditional instruments too with drums, violins, and flutes. All the omen looked beautiful in their folk costumes with silk pants consisting of colors such as red, gold and white, and a head dressing called a ducat made of old coins with pearls to show feminism. The shirts worn by women are cotton and very loose, covered by a dark vest In black and purple, and the entire outfit Is stitched In gold thread. I learned that Bosnian women pride themselves In wearing gold Jewelry as opposed to silver because It radiates warmth and fervently. When It came to Bosnian pop culture, my friend played her favorite songs by Leap Brenna. Which sounds like a Bosnian version of our Bribery Spears. Hip hop music recently started to thrive in Sarajevo with familiar beats and popular songs by the rapper Eddo Mask. In our American society, one of the most popular comedic shows is Sniffed. My friend and I watched a short episode of Loud Stunned Normal which resembles I TTS comedy. A tong Llanos unreason teen language, I enumerators plot and characters and found humor in the show. Also, in American society we have superstitions such as black cats give bad luck, thirteen is an unlucky number, and breaking a mirror will give you bad luck for the time of seven years. Bosnian are more superstitious than the American culture, as I have learned from my experience. While my friend was driving us to her dance class She asked me to punch her in the nose and I had no idea why she would ask me. I did as she asked me, and informed me that an itchy nose will cause anger and a bad mood. Other commonly believed superstitions are that if your right ear itches, then someone is thinking of you, and if your left ear does, then someone is talking very badly of you. Our world is based on a mixture of different groups of people, attitudes, customs ND values that are learned from one another. All of our different cultures blend into our society and impact the way we relate and understand each other. By immersing myself in my friends foreign culture, and learning about her Bosnian customs and way of life, I learned that although our cultures are different, we are marked by a similarity. We might speak different languages, yet we express the same feelings and have similar values. Through this experience I enjoyed very much to learn about a different cultural perception and way of life as I began to recognize mine in the process.

War in Iraq was justified essays

War in Iraq was justified essays The war in Iraq was justified because of the thought of Saddam having or making weapons of mass destruction. Also, another reason for the war was the oppression that was happening to the Iraqi people. Some people think we shouldnt have gone to war because of the amount of money that would be added to our budget. I believe that just the idea that Iraq having weapons of mass destruction was enough cause to go to war. Because of the idea that Iraq could or would be able to use these weapons against us, it is in our best interest to go to war to protect our nation and our children against these types of nations that are building their country around weapons of mass destruction. First, I will discuss some of the evidence and things found in Iraq since the war has started. This evidence comes from an article that was titled, Cutting both ways, that appeared in the Economist Newspaper and it was written by David Kay. Secondly, I will discuss some of the oppression that was occurring in Iraq before the war. This evidence comes from an article from Current Affairs, titled, The Middle East, and was written by Ed Blanche. Thirdly, I will discuss some ideas about the cost of the war and how people might think that the war wasnt worth the cost of the rise in our nations budget. These ideas about the budget will also come from the Economist Newspaper, the heading of the article appeared as such, Iraq in a hard place; The budget, it was written by Stan Greenberg. The article in the Economist Newspaper, written by David Kay, describes how inspectors found programs for undeclared unmanned aerial vehicles. Also, he mentions how they found research on biological agents and unknown laboratories that had equipment that could produce chemical and biological weapons. Also, another item that was found, fuel, that was for banned scud missiles. All of these items that were found and ...

D.B.H. or Diameter Breast Height Tree Measure

D.B.H. or Diameter Breast Height Tree Measure A trees diameter at your breast or chest height is the most common tree measurement made on a tree by tree professionals. It is also called DBH for short. The only other measurement made of a tree as important is a trees total and merchantable height. This diameter is measured over the outside bark using a diameter tape at the point foresters call breast height. Breast height is specifically defined as a point around the trunk at 4.5 feet (1.37 meters in metric using countries) above the forest floor on the uphill side of the tree. For the purposes of determining breast height, the forest floor includes the duff layer that may be present  but does not include unincorporated woody debris that may rise above the ground line. It may assume a 12-inch stump in commercial forests. DBH has traditionally been the sweet spot on a tree where measurements are taken and where a multitude of calculations are made to determine things like growth, volume, yield and forest potential. This spot at breast level is a convenient way of measuring a tree without the need to bend your waist or climb up a ladder to take the measurement. All growth, volume and yield tables are calculated to correspond with DBH. How to Measure DBH There are at least three devices you can use to measure a tree diameter. The most commonly used device is a diameter tape that reads directly into a measurement of diameter in given increments of your prefered unit of measurement (inches or millimeters). There are calipers that will hug the tree and the measurement is read using the caliper scale. There is also the Biltmore stick that is designed to use a sighting angle at a given distance from the eye and reads the left and right trunk sighting. Measuring the diameter of a normally shaped tree is straightforward. There are other situations where measuring DBH should be handled differently. Measuring a forked tree below DBH: Measure the tree diameter just below the fork swell. The measurement should be made at the normal spot if the tree forks above DBH.Measuring multiple stems from ground root sprouts: Measure each stem diameter at diameter breast height.Measuring a straight tree on a slope: Measure dbh at the upper side of the slope.Measuring a leaning tree: Measure the diameter at 4.5 feet from the base and up the lean.Measuring a Swelling Tree Base or Buttress: Measure the tree just above the swell. If the buttress stops before DBH, measure as usual.

Answering Questions on Digital Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answering Questions on Digital Media - Essay Example Employing Graphic Design in VJum Amel design in the creation of R-Shief Labs makes it more appealing and conducive for the event at hand. This makes the poster give a different feeling of the overall event hence pull attendance in large numbers. VJ Um Amel is a media designer, is undertaking her PHD studies, and the maker of R-Shief Labs. Her performances and compositions consist of visual performance that is live, Media Graphics Planning and Designing, database Illustrator artist, and analyzing of network. She considers that a successful art panorama and digital knowledge are solutions to the 21st century autonomous performances. The volume of Ingenious Mechanical Devices by Ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari was done in the year 1206. It was debatably the most inclusive and meticulous anthology of the most modern acquaintance concerning automated apparatus and technicalities. The work methodically tabled out the technological advancements of a diversity of devices and machineries that both ty pified and extended obtainable acquaintance on robotics and automation (Al-Jazari, 6). Donald Hill, who decoded and had completed mainly to propagate the significance of the above-mentioned text, asserted, it is unfeasible to exaggerate the significance of Al-Jazari's vocation in the account of engineering. Until contemporary periods, there is the absence of another manuscript from whichever cultural and intellectual area that offers an equivalent prosperity of directives for the design and proposal, construction and assemblage of equipments. Al-Jazari at his times did not merely incorporate the methods of his Arab and non-Arab forerunners, but was also imaginative. This paper depicts al-Jazari's perspectives of work as a noteworthy input to the account of robotics and computerization as it facilitates a significant re-evaluation of typical concepts and the conservative history of computerization and consequently of robotics (Hill, 67). Al-Jazari's vocation of art is depicted as com mendable of what is termed as Islamic automation, where the concepts of power that have educated the conservative history of computerization and robotics are replaced by submission and compliance to the pace of the devices. In relation of Al-Jazari convictions of Islamic Automation to VJ Um Amel‘s project R-Shief, both employ the aspect of computerization, highlighted and encouraged the methodical progress of science and expertise in technology. They both employ the aspect of Islamic programming in their viewpoint of composition. Therefore, the connotation of anything in account or history is not permanent and monotonous, as it is opportunely understood in conservative historical techniques. The straight historiographical performance typically searches the origin, in which there is, Foucault asserts, an effort to confine the precise real meaning of things, their crudest potentials and their cautiously cosseted identities since this search supposes the subsistence of motionless forms that precede the peripheral world of misfortune and progression. Hill asserts that one major distinctive characteristic of the Islamic nations was an invariable striving after organization in order to put up machinery that would do without human intrusion for elongated periods. He affirms, numerous kinds of management, a number of which are deliberated of as fairly modern, were engaged to attain these outcomes:

Does High School Affect Social Mobility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Does High School Affect Social Mobility - Essay Example Student mobility i.e. students moving from one school to another for reasons other than being promoted to the next school level-is common in the United States. It is a topic that repeatedly surfaces in discussions about the problems of urban schooling. Remarkably, it tends to fade from the program as discussion turns toward reform initiatives and school restructuring. Student mobility and the resulting school instability are usually relegated to a background condition a part of an external context to which schools must adjust. However, mobility's effects can be deep and wide-ranging. They penetrate the crucial activity of schools the interaction of teachers and students around learning. In addition, not only does mobility have an effect on those students who are changing schools, it also more in general disturbs the functioning of classrooms and the basic operations of schools. This is not to say that just reducing student mobility will unavoidably translate into school improvement. Stable schools can also provide bad quality instruction to their students. Stability, in contrast, provides a base condition on which a school can build and transform successful programs. Without a certain level of stability, it is in doubt how school -based educational programs, no matter how modern, could effectively develop and show long-term impact. Mobility is an occurrence that is strongly deep-seated in the urban context and in urban schools. Accordingly, no one-policy approach alone is likely to reduce its prevalence and to improve its effects. The analyses suggest that an array of policy issues merit consideration. Discussions should focus on two levels: policies that can assist in decreasing the level of mobility between schools, and initiatives that can assess the negative impact of student mobility on learning and support school improvement efforts more generally. Over their whole elementary and secondary careers, most students make at least one non-promotional school change (Rumberger et al., 1999). Many educators think that student mobility is a definite result of students changing residences. In actual fact, 2000 U.S. census data show that 15% to 18% of school-age children moved in the previous year. There have also been indications that welfare reform may affect moving, with parents moving to accept jobs. On the other hand, research has also found that between 30% and 40% of school changes are not related with residential changes (Kerbow, 147-169; Rumberger et al., 1999). School factors such as overcrowding, class size reduction, suspension and expulsion policies, and the general academic and social climate also contribute to student mobility. The increase of parental options included in the No Child Left Behind legislation may also contribute over time to increased mobility. Impact on Students Academic Growth: A Literature Review The existing studies of the effect of student mobility on achievement tend to point out that a general decline in achievement is associated with mobility (Benson, Haycraft, Stayaert, & Weigel, 444-47; Benson & Weigel, 15-19; Blane et al, 127-42; Felner et al., 449-59; Johnson & Lindblad, 547-52; Schuler, 17-24; Wood et al., 1334-1338). The

Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Health and Social Care Essay Our campaign was a drugs campaign our main aim was to inform people on drugs and what effects it can have and to not stereotype drug users as they can be anyone. M2- Positive influences I felt our group were very well prepared as we had a good use of resources. This included plenty of leaflets to give out on drugs to inform people on the effectiveness on drugs. We also had a laptop with the Talk to Frank game on it available for people to play, and other drugs game activities that were available for people to take part in. We also gave out questionnaires and cakes which rewarded those for taking part. We also had plenty of space to set up the table and all the activities. This was important as not having enough space would have meant not being able to set up all the activities we made. We also, had plenty of time as we had a good time slot of 2 hours between 11 – 1 to implement the campaign. This gave more time for us to hand out questionnaires and inform and teach more people on the effects of drugs. We all took part equally in the campaign as we were involved in the stereotyping activity where we all attached signs to us asking â€Å"do you think I take drugs? where we asked people with regarding what we looked to like to whether we took drugs or not. Read more: Identify ways of working that can help improve partnership working  essay This involved us dressing up in particular clothes which seemed to be very effective rather than showing pictures of people. I believe we also taught lots to people as many people were shocked at the information gave to them especially about the â€Å"legal highs activity†. Negative influences I felt we didn’t all equally participate in preparation as the questionnaire and research I made were not used and a different questionnaire was made. This in effect made it seem as if my contribution was not necessary. I also, felt that I didn’t take part in setting up the campaign as the presentation tasks went to other group members. However, the campaign involved dressing up as characters and I believe that we all did a good job of dressing up except certain members of the group didn’t dress up as they should of as originally, we had the plan of someone dressing up in a suit to show that your appearance doesn’t affect whether taking drugs or not. This was important as not only were we raising awareness we were teaching about tereotypes. Also, the people that came to the campaign didn’t engage in all activities as we hoped as there was so many to take part in and so much information to give out. Also, our target audience were teenagers as there was evidence most drug users were around this age However, mostly adults came. I felt we had a limited audience and not as many people as we thought came to the campaign and a lot of the people had learning disabilities in which we weren’t prepared for and didn’t cater for. M3 – Ethical issues One of the main ethical issues in our campaign was confidentiality.  Confidentiality is important as during the campaign someone may come forwards and confide in you about drugs or there drug intake and it is important that confidentiality is not breached and that person’s name is not discussed and their privacy is kept. As we gave out questionnaires, they were kept anonymous so therefore, all information received from the campaign can be kept confidential as one of the questions was â€Å"Do you know anyone that takes drugs† which although this was a closed question it was quite personal and anyone answering might of felt uncomfortable if the questionnaire was to ask your name. This then links to safe guarding. During the campaign no one came forward with any information that could of lead them to be unsafe However, it was important that information we gave out was correct and that we weren’t giving false information which could lead someone to danger when taking drugs. This I felt we did successfully as all research given out was from drug websites such as Talk to Frank. Also, other ethical issues include choice and own beliefs. I believe that when giving out information we didn’t preach any of our own beliefs to anyone. It was completely factual. As this could of lead someone to feel uncomfortable as everybody has the right to choose whether they take drugs or not and if it is important that when teaching that you are not preaching your beliefs about people taking drugs as this could lead to offending someone who is taking them. Finally, it is important to not ask any inappropriate questions as this could lead to someone feeling uncomfortable. All personal questions that needed to be asked during our campaign were on an anonymous questionnaire which didn’t involve any questioning from anybody from our group. Therefore, making people feel comfortable in answering. Other questions asked by us were â€Å"do you think I look like the type of person that takes drugs? † as we were dressed up as characters. However, this question was asked after we explained that we were dressed up as characters as part of the campaign so people felt comfortable in answering without offending. Also, the question â€Å"would you like a cake? † for those who didn’t want to take part in any of the activities. D2 – During our campaign we gave out questionnaires after people took part in the activities. However, only 32 people answered the questionnaire. According to the questionnaire 22 people out of 32 knew someone who takes drugs that left only ten people who didn’t know anyone who took drugs. According to the Shropshire star â€Å"16 local Shrewsbury men had a powerful and overbearing’ influence on others in the drugs chain and was said to be taking ? 15,000 a month from the trade. † â€Å"Phoenix Car centre was aware of the extent of drugs operation and played significant part in getting drugs to the street of Shrewsbury under orders from other people. Some of these men are parents to teenagers in Shrewsbury and therefore, it is possible that some of the people that filled out the questionnaire knew these men. http://www. shropshirestar. com/news/2013/03/03/how-police-smashed-shropshire-drugs-cartel/ Also, 28 out of 32 people were made more aware of the effects of drugs after the campaign whereas only 4 people didn’t. This could of meant that they already knew about the effects drugs had on someone or they didn’t feel out campaign gave much information on the effects drugs have one someone. However, more than three quarters did find out more about the effects of drugs which is positive. This could suggest that existing campaigns aren’t using the correct technique as we did to inform people on the effects of drugs. Talk to Frank is a website that only offers online information and a call centre in which people are able to access to talk about drugs. However, although our campaign used most of the Talk to Frank information we implemented it in a different way which was more effective to informing people on the effects of drugs. â€Å"Since 2011 the Talk to Frank website has had a 6% increase in feedback† Therefore, It could suggest that people are using the website a lot more than previously. This could be why some people didn’t learn anymore about the effects of drugs and as our campaign was implemented directly through explaining we were able to teach more people about the effects. http://www. clear-uk. org/talk-to-frank-is-back/ 29 out of 32 people found out more information about drugs after the campaign was implemented. This meant that only 3 people didn’t learn anything from the campaign. This could have meant that they already knew or that our campaign wasn’t very informative. However 29 people did find it informative, which is more than 3 quarters of the people that were involved. Therefore, I feel as though our campaign did inform people well. Also, when questioned how useful the campaign was statistics show that 19 people thought our campaign was really good 11 people thought it was good and only 2 people thought it was average. And nobody felt our campaign was poor or really poor. Therefore, more than half thought out campaign was really good and useful and the rest thought it was good or average. This is positive results. Overall, our campaign results are very positive. This means that our campaign was very beneficial. I feel that our campaign went really well due to the positive feedback that we got of the audience. This is proved with results from our questionnaire which we gave to the audience to get their personal opinions on how well our campaign was to them. When giving out the questionnaire I felt we were present and observant when the questionnaire was filled out. Therefore, I feel that the results we got back from the questionnaire may be slightly warped due to people not wanting to be judged or questioned about their answers if they were negative as although it was anonymous it was very overt. Other campaigns use the questionnaire online and get feedback from the public, such as the Talk to Frank website and if I were to do the campaign again I would allow people to step aside to fill in their questionnaire and ask them to put it into a box I feel this covert way of gathering information is much better as it gives the public privacy which makes them able to write down their real thoughts and opinions about the campaign and not put answers to be polite. However, I felt our campaign nformation was as good as Talk to Frank as we had the talk to Frank games available and we were able to use a good range of information from the Talk to Frank website to bring awareness about the effects of drugs. http://www. talktofrank. com/? gclid=CLf-1dOy6bcCFQ3KtAod_Q4AnA A National campaign launched by the Australian government in 2011-2012 also used public speaking and posters to communicate to the public about the awareness of drugs and it was also very effective for them. They also collected results from their campaign on how it affected certain people and how it has made a difference for these certain people, how they’ve become more aware of drugs and the dangers, how they now feel about drugs and if they would ever attempt to take drugs. Which is slightly different from our campaign questionnaire but it is still the same method of gathering information and still very similar to the way in which we implemented our campaign. http://www. drugs. health. gov. au/internet/drugs/publishing. sf/content/campaign4 This proved very good in some aspects as there has been an increase in showing that drugs are harmful and helping people avoid using drugs which is very similar to our campaign in the fact it is bringing awareness by showing that drugs are bad and harmful by looking and there effects. Also, other statistics show that more adults are talking more to their children about substances after the campaign which again is bringing awareness and also p romote two way communications.

Immigrants :: essays research papers

The first glimpse of the Statue of Liberty was an emotional experience remembered for life for the immigrants approaching New York Harbor. Engraved on the base of the Statue of Liberty are the words from Emma Lazarus's poem, "Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free." The French sculptor, Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, designed the statue. It was intended as a monument to the freedom found lacking in his own country of France. Bartholdi said, "I will try to glorify the Republic and Liberty over there, in the hope that someday I will find it again here." Bartholdi used his own mother as the model for the statue and devoted 21 years of his life to the making of the monument. Gustave Eiffel, who later designed the Eiffel Tower, designed the frame. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the French commemorating the American Revolution. President Grover Cleveland made the statue public on October 28, 1886. Previously, the statue had been a fixture in Paris before it was brought to Bedloe's Island, now known as Liberty Island. In 1986 the statue underwent extensive restoration at a cost of $69.8 million dollars. A new gold torch was added replacing the corroded original (the original is on display in the main lobby). The torch was coated with 24-carat gold leaf. The Statue of Liberty is recognized as a symbol of freedom throughout the world. When immigrants from Southern Italy came to New York, they found themselves in "dumbbell" apartments. These apartments were so close together that no sunlight ever reached the lower windows or back yards. During the late 1800s over 40,000 people were crowded into this small 17-block area. Diseases, such as tuberculosis, were a part of daily life. Even with these hardships, the residents of Little Italy built a lively and colorful community with the sights, sounds, and flavors of their homeland. The Italian population of New York City's "Little Italy" has dwindled to fewer than 5,000 residents. Chinatown has expanded and replaced many of the original "Little Italy" neighborhoods. The Feast of San Gennaro (Fiesta di San Gennaro) is the most exciting annual event in the neighborhood, beginning on September 19th and continuing for nine days. During this celebration, Mulberry Street is renamed Via San Gennaro and the shrines and relics of this saint are paraded through the streets. The crowds enjoy Italian foods of all types, as well as other ethnic dishes, and there is much singing and dancing.

The Marketing of Honda Motorcycles in the USA

The American Honda Motor Company was established as a subsidiary by Honda in 1959. During the 1960's the type of motorcycles brought by Americans underwent a major change. Motorcycle registrations increased by over 800,000 in five years from 1960. In the early 60's the major competitors were Haley – Davidson of U. S. A, BSA, Triumph and Norton of the UK and Motto – Guzzi of Italy. Harley-Davidson had the largest market share with sales in 1959 totalling a6. 6 million dollars. Many of the motorcycles produced were large and bulky and this led to the image f the motorcycle rider as being one who wore a leather jacket and went The Boston Consulting Group ( BCG ) report was initiated by the British government to study the decline in British motorcycle companies around the world, especially in the USA where sales had dropped from 49% in 1959 to 9% in 1973. The two key factors the report identified was the market share loss and profitability declines an the scale economy disadvantages in technology, distribution, and manufacturing. The BCG report showed that success of the Japanese manufacturers started with the growth of their own domestic markets. The high production for omestic demand led to Honda experiencing economies of scale as the cost of producing motorbikes declined with the level of output. This provided Honda to achieve a highly competitive cost position which they used to penetrate into the US market. † The basic philosophy of the Japanese manufacture is that high volumes per model provide the potential for high productivity as a result of using capital intensive and highly automated techniques. Their marketing strategies are therefore directed towards developing these high model volumes, hence the careful attention that we have observed them giving to growth and market The report goes on to show how Honda built up engineering competencies through the innovation of Mr Honda. The company also moved away from other companies who relied upon distributors to sell their bikes when the company set up its headquarters in the west coast of America. The BCG found that the motorcycles available before Honda entered the market were for limited group of people such as the police, army etc. But Honda had a â€Å"policy of selling, not primarily to confirmed motorcyclists but rather to members of the general public who had never before given a second thought to a motorcycle†( SP p. 16 ). The small, lightweight Honda Supercub sold at under 250 dollars compared to the bigger American or British machines which were retailing at around 1000 to 1500 dollars. In 1960 Honda's research team comprised of around 700 designer and engineer staff compared to the 100 or so employed by their competitors showing the value which the company placed on innovation. Production per man-year was 159 units in 1962, a figure not reached by Harley-Davidson Honda was following a strategy of developing region by region. Over a period of four to five years they moved from the west coast of America o the east coast. The report showed the emphasis which Honda paid to advertising when the company spent heavily on the advertising theme † you meet the nicest people on a Honda† thereby disassociating themselves from the rowdy, hell's angels type of people. Essentially the BCG is portraying Honda as a firm dedicated to being a low cost producer, utilising its dominant position in Japan to force entry into the U. S market, redefining that market by putting up the nicest people image and exploiting its comparative advantage via Pascale tends to disagree on many points of the BCG report. The report uggests that there was a smooth entry into the U. S market which led to an instant success. Pascale argues that Honda entered the American market at the end of the motorcycle trade season showing their impotence to carry out research in the new market. As they entered the market at the wrong time sales were not as good as they should have been and any success was not going to be instantaneous. Pascale also criticises the assumption that Honda was superior to other competitors in productivity. He says that Honda was successful in Japan with productivity but circumstances indicate that the company was not superior. The lack of funding from the ministry of finance and the ploughing back of profits into inventory meant they had a tight budget to follow. The BCG report shows that Honda had a smooth policy of developing region by region, moving from the west to the east. Pascale response is that this is partly true but reminds that Hondas advertising was still in Los Angeles in 1963, four years after setting up their subsidiary. The report to the British government showed that Honda had a deliberate strategy of disassociating themselves from the hells angels type of people by following the nicest people advertisement policy. Pascale shows that this was not an intentional move since there were disputes within the company with the director of sales eventually persuading to management against their better judgement. The BCG report found Honda pushed into the U. S market with small lightweight motorbikes. However Pascale says this is again not true. He argues the intended strategy was one of promoting the larger 250cc and 350cc as Honda felt that this was what the market wanted since Americans liked all things large. The bikes were unreliable which led to the promotion of the supercubs. These bikes salvaged the reputation of the company. An dea which hardly came from an inspired idea but one of desperation. Overall Pascale gives the impression that it was through an incidental sequence of events which led to Honda gaining a strong hold in the U. S market, mainly through the unexpected discovery of a large untapped segment of the market while at the same time trying to retain the The criticism made by Pascale can be further analysed by looking at the The strengths of Honda start with the roles which the founders played. Honda was an inventive genius with a large ego and a volatile temperament. His main concerns were not about the profitability of the ompany or its products, but rather to show his innovative ability by producing better engines. Fujisawa on the other hand thought about the financial section of the company and how to market the ideas. He often challenged Honda to come up with better engines. By specialising in their own abilities the two of them were able to pool together resources Another strength was the way the company utilised its market position. Strengths in design advantages and production methods meant they were able to increases sales in Japan even though there was no organisation within the company. Once there was a large enough demand for its products, mainly the supercub, Honda both in Japan and in America, moved from a sale on consignment basis to one that required cash on delivery. This seemed a very risky decision to make at the time but within three years they had changed the pattern within the motorcycle industry by shifting the power relationship from the dealer to the manufacturer. Mr Honda had cultivated a â€Å"success against all odds† culture into the company. This was tested when he sent two executives to the U. S with no strategy other than to see if they could sell something. The weaknesses within an organisation can become irrelevant if the strategy is strong and there is good leadership. An element of luck also helped Honda follow an emerging strategy. Restrictions placed on funds by the government for the U. S venture forced Honda to take an alternative route. If they had all the funds necessary they may well have gone through the normal distribution Honda entered the us market right at the end of the motorcycle trade season. When leaking oil and clutch problems occurred on their bikes it did not affect Honda as hard as it would have had they entered in the beginning of the season. Also people noticing the Supercubs led the company to produce a bike which was not at first supported by senior The success of Honda was not the result of senior management coming up with all the answers. In fact senior executives in most Japanese manufacturing companies do not take their strategic positions too seriously. Salesman, cleaners and those working on the manufacturing floor all contribute to the company is run and thereby influence its strategic position. It is this ability of an organisation to move ideas from the tom to the bottom and back again in continuos dialogue that the As a conclusion it is necessary to consider the theoretical side of Hondas strategy and see whether the company was in fact following a model. The first model is the Andrew's model. Andrew came up with the idea that there were two stages to corporate strategy, formulation and implementation. Formulation involved looking at the market, competitors and resources and formulating a corporate strategy which would be implemented throughout each process of the organisational structure. This model was also supported by Porter. This is how the BCG saw Honda, as a corporation, who had looked at the market, formulated a strategy to ope with the environment and competition pressures and implemented it, making all Hondas plans and activities deliberate. The second model known as the emergent strategy portrays a different image to the Andrews model and shows how Pascale viewed Honda. The model shows a realised strategy made up from a an intended strategy together with an emergent strategy which is not planned but emerges in relation to activities within the environment. Pascale seemed to think that in Hondas case a substantial proportion or the companies corporate strategy was emergent and less was actually intended strategy.

Field Work, Non-Verbal Communication Essay

A few days ago I took a trip to my local mall and took a seat at the food court. My objective was to observe individuals engaging in non-verbal communication and document what I witnessed. After only a few minutes I became aware of a couple sitting within public distance, about 15-20ft away from me. They were having an argument about how the male was being cold and unaffectionate. While observing them I realized they were using various gestures while arguing. I will inform you of what type they were and what they were conveying. During the argument, both individuals demonstrated affect displays. These are facial expressions motivated by emotion such as a smile or frown. The female had a frown on her face to demonstrate that she was sad and discontent while informing the male that she was feeling lack of affection him. The male had what I can best describe as a half smile; imagine half of the mouth engaging in a smile while the opposite half stays normal. He also kept looking around and rolling his eyes. These indicate that he believes that the female’s thoughts are unimportant or that they may be incorrect and he believes that he indeed is affectionate. Illustrators were used by the female. Illustrators are gestures that complement our words such as pointing when giving directions. While talking about the male’s lack of affection, she constantly pointed at him with her index finger to further enhance the fact that she was talking about him. When describing how she felt, she would put her hand over her chest for the purpose of indicating that she is talking about how she feels. When the male finally decided he was going to speak, he used regulators. Regulators are gestures that may prolong or terminate the conversation such as looking at your watch, walking away or nodding and leaning forward. He raised his hand with the purpose of making the female stop talking so he could say something. The female felt that the gesture was disrespectful and noted it verbally, then continued talking about the issue as if what he had to say could wait. The male used another regulator; he leaned forward and opened his mouth. The purpose of this was to communicate to the female that he would like her to stop talking so he could say something. After the male verbally communicated that he doesn’t believe that he is being cold and unaffectionate, the female used an emblem. Emblems are gestures that have a direct verbal translation and can stand alone such as the â€Å"ok† sign. She twisted her head to the right and then to the left repeatedly indicated â€Å"No, I disagree with you†. The male put his hand out in front of him, palms facing up and tilted his head up, this combination of gestures is usually translated into â€Å"what? † or â€Å"why? †, in this situation, it means â€Å"why? †. Near the end of this argument, a couple of adaptors were utilized. Adaptors are gestures that make you feel more comfortable in a communication situation such as twirling your hair or tapping your fingers. While the female mentioned various situations where the male is unaffectionate she puts her elbows on the table and massages the sides of her head with her hands, I believe she did this to relief tension she was feeling from the argument in order to feel more comfortable. The male decided that her reasons for feeling that he is unaffectionate are legitimate. While verbally communicating that he agrees with her and he will make changes, the female reaches her hand out and holds his, further seeking comfort now that the argument has been settled. In conclusion, it is evident that non-verbal communication is constantly happening around us, all we have to do is look for it. As you read, by simply sitting down at the local mall’s food court I was able to observe a couple using the five different types of gestures which are: emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators and adaptors. Most of them occurred multiple times during the argument I was observing. After understanding that different types of gestures, it is very easy to identify them in everyday life.

Equality essays

Equality essays During the 1960s, the resistance to racial segregation and discrimination included strategies such as civil disobedience, nonviolent resistance, marches, protests, boycotts, "freedom rides," and rallies. There were also continuing efforts to legally challenge segregation through the courts. Many believe that civil rights struggles ended with all the accomplishments resulting from all the sacrifices made in the 1960s. However, struggles continue to this very day even though there is less A massive 1963 March on Washington with more than 200,000 marchers was one of the first civil rights events to grab the attention of the entire nation. Blacks and whites called on President John F. Kennedy and the Congress to provide equal access to public facilities, quality education, adequate employment, and decent housing for African Americans. During the assembly at the Lincoln Memorial, Dr. Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered his stirring "I Have a Dream" speech.[1] Struggles would be marred by increasing violence against civil rights activists. In 1964, three Mississippi civil rights workers who were encouraging black voter registration were murdered by the Ku Klux Klan with the assistance of the local police. And, in 1965 blacks marching to Montgomery Alabama in support of voting rights are stopped by a police brigade. Fifty marchers were hospitalized after police used tear gas, whips, and clubs against The 1965 Voting Rights was landmark legislation that prohibited states from using literacy tests, interpreting the Constitution, and other methods of excluding African Americans from voting. Prior to 1965, only an estimated twenty-three percent of voting-age blacks were registered nationally, but by 1969 the number jumped to sixty-one percent. In the Southern states, the numbers were more dramatic. This increase in registration led to the election of African...

Sex Chromosome Abnormalities

Sex Chromosome Abnormalities Sex chromosome abnormalities occur as a result of chromosome mutations brought on by mutagens (like radiation) or problems that occur during meiosis. One type of mutation is caused by chromosome breakage. The broken chromosome fragment may be deleted, duplicated, inverted, or translocated to a non-homologous chromosome. Another type of mutation occurs during meiosis and causes cells to have either too many or not enough chromosomes. Alterations in the number of chromosomes in a cell can result in changes in an organisms phenotype or physical traits. Normal Sex Chromosomes In human sexual reproduction, two distinct gametes fuse to form a zygote. Gametes are reproductive cells produced by a type of cell division called meiosis. They contain only one set of chromosomes and are said to be haploid (one set of 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome). When the haploid male and female gametes unite in a process called fertilization, they form what is called a zygote. The zygote is diploid, meaning that it contains two sets of chromosomes (two sets of 22 autosomes and two sex chromosomes). The male gametes, or sperm cells, in humans and other mammals are heterogametic and contain one of two types of sex chromosomes. They have either an X or a Y sex chromosome. However, the female gametes or eggs contain only the X sex chromosome and are homogametic. The sperm cell determines the sex of an individual in this case. If a sperm cell containing an X chromosome fertilizes an egg, the resulting zygote will be XX or female. If the sperm cell contains a Y chromosome, then the resulting zygote will be XY or male. X and Y Chromosome Size Difference The Y chromosome carries genes that direct the development of male gonads and the male reproductive system. The Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome (about 1/3 the size) and has fewer genes than the X chromosome. The X chromosome is thought to carry around two thousand genes, while the Y chromosome has less than one hundred genes. Both chromosomes were once about the same size. Structural changes in the Y chromosome resulted in the rearrangement of genes on the chromosome. These changes meant that recombination could no longer occur between large segments of the Y chromosome and its X homologue during meiosis. Recombination is important for weeding out mutations, so without it, mutations accumulate faster on the Y chromosome than on the X chromosome. The same type of degradation is not observed with the X chromosome because it still maintains the ability to recombine with its other X homologue in females. Over time, some of the mutations on the Y chromosome have resulted in the deletion of genes and have contributed to the decrease in the size of the Y chromosome. Sex Chromosome Abnormalities Aneuploidy is a condition characterized by the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes. If a cell has an additional chromosome, (three instead of two), it is trisomic for that chromosome. If the cell is missing a chromosome, it is monosomic. Aneuploid cells occur as a result of either chromosome breakage or nondisjunction errors that happen during meiosis. Two types of errors occur during nondisjunction: homologous chromosomes dont separate during anaphase I of meiosis I or sister chromatids dont separate during anaphase II of meiosis II.Nondisjunction results in some abnormalities, including: Klinefelter syndrome is a disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome. The genotype for males with this disorder is XXY. People with Klinefelter syndrome may also have more than one extra chromosome resulting in genotypes which include XXYY, XXXY, and XXXXY. Other mutations result in males that have an extra Y chromosome and a genotype of XYY. These males were once thought to be taller than average males and overly aggressive based on prison studies. Additional studies, however, have found XYY males to be normal.Tuner syndrome is a condition that affects females. Individuals with this syndrome, also called monosomy X, have a genotype of only one X chromosome (XO).Trisomy X females have an additional X chromosome and are also referred to as metafemales (XXX). Nondisjunction can occur in autosomal cells as well. Down syndrome is most commonly the result of nondisjunction affecting autosomal chromosome 21. Down syndrome is also referred to as trisomy 21 because of the extra chrom osome. The following table includes information on sex chromosome abnormalities, resulting syndromes, and phenotypes (expressed physical traits). Genotype Sex Syndrome Physical Traits XXY, XXYY, XXXY male Klinefelter syndrome sterility, small testicles, breast enlargement XYY male XYY syndrome normal male traits XO female Turner syndrome sex organs dont mature at adolescence, sterility, short stature XXX female Trisomy X tall stature, learning disabilities, limited fertility Sex Chromosome Abnormalities

Addictions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Addictions - Essay Example Addiction does not just solely affect the user; it has a cascade effect and touches every other person in their lives, parents, siblings, spouses, and, most disturbingly, their children. Children and the families of addicts suffer greatly; addiction, in fact, is a common cause the crumbling of any family unit, with side effects and consequences that are long lasting. Addiction is defined, in simplest terms, as the need, desire, or physical imperative to attain and ingest a particular substance; this substance becomes the primary concern, focus, and necessity, obsessively, above and beyond all other important elements within their lives (American Society of Addiction Medicine). It is fair to include that in today’s modern society, addiction has been extended not only to substances but also to activities, for example, compulsive shoppers and gamblers. Alcohol and drugs affect many people in many ways; it can lead to child maltreatment, neglect, and abuse. First and foremost, children who are born to parents who are addicted to drugs are more likely to suffer from physical issues, internal malformations, and developmental and learning disabilities that can impact the quality of the life they will live (Office on Child Abuse and Neglect 1). However, even those children whose parents and guardians are not addicts until later in the childâ€⠄¢s life still face a huge number behavioral, psychological, social, and emotional issues that could plague them as child and well into their adult lives. Addiction can take a functional, loving, committed, and stable family into a completely dysfunctional, disorganized, neglectful, abusive, and corrupted family unit. Addiction changes the priorities of the addict. The drug becomes the paramount and primary goal of every endeavor (Office on Child Abuse and Neglect 1). The finding, possessing, and engaging in the substance or act become the beginning, middle, and end of the story. In most

Organisational Behaviour (OB) Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational Behaviour (OB) Assignment - Essay Example He tried to change the organizational structure to modify the corporate culture of the company. The company formed corporate tie ups with many companies to build its brand and increase exposure. These features introduced several forms of changes in the company. Firstly due to the redesigning of the product lines the patterns of work system in the company changed drastically. This began with the changes in the job description and skills and techniques of the workers as more emphasis was laid on the electronics goods and products. Changes in the organizational structure were seen in the form of centralizing the electronics department. The hierarchy of authority was modified. Division of labor was re-introduced with more emphasis on the R&D field. The hierarchy levels were reduced and more interaction was provided between the managers and front line mangers of the company. More hierarchy levels mean greater complications which would disrupt the decision making process gradually. The com pany previously had each unit with its own planning, human resources, finance, and sales functions and operated with considerable autonomy. This was not a very feasible strategy as it led to more troubles than solutions. Firstly, providing each unit with separate departments increased the cost of the company as it would be hiring many employees for each department. The autonomy offered to each unit would further increase the gap between the inter departments as there would be lack of communication. The span of control was reduced with Stringer laying off 10,000 jobs which comprised of 7% of Sony’s global workforce and shut down 11 out of 65 production units across the world (Howard Stringer: Turning Sony Around, 2003). This helped in reducing operation costs, reduced levels in hierarchy and better control by the managers. Sony was not advanced in technology and was redundant in its product designs. With the introduction of Apple iPods, the company felt the need to bring in ch anges in its working culture. Stringer who had introduced the changes believed that the new structure would streamline and speed up decision making across Sony’s product lines. It permitted uniform software development across the lines so that the products of the company would operate seamlessly with one another. This in turn eliminated the design and product redundancies and optimized the firm’s Research and Development spending. Apart from this, the corporate culture also saw changes in the company. sonSony had been long exposed to its conservative culture. When Stringer decided to introduce change in the company he faced oppositions as the cost of change was thought to be unnecessary by many people in the organization, stringer incorporated the idea of increasing the R&D area. He made them realize that R&D could save the company and it would attract customer attention. He made them realize that the problem with Sony products was not with its technology alone but als o the product utility. The change plan also affected specific technologies. For example, Sony executives declared that television was of the utmost importance to the company. The firm scraped the production of cathode ray tube (CRT) television sets and focused on LCD and rear-projection TVs and technology. Also, Sony focused on self-luminous flat –panel organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, on high-definition technology, Blu-ray, and

The most important concepts in the business-supply chain relationship Essay

The most important concepts in the business-supply chain relationship - Essay Example For example, the supply chain of an automaker is different from that of a consumer electronics goods manufacturer, meaning their infrastructure also contrast (Oliveira and Gimeno 29). Suppliers in the automotive industry must have adequate capital and facilities to provide materials at competitive prices, and these materials are unique to that industry. On the other hand, automakers should have the capacity to store and process these materials to develop the product and then sell it through the distribution networks. Suppliers and producers must observe relevant legal requirements in their specific industries to avoid attracting punitive measures that would handicap their capacity and freedom to operate (Oliveira and Gimeno 54). Industry-specific legal and regulatory requirements must be observed by both parties, or their relationship would be compromised by interruptions and constraints. For businesses, social and working conditions are part of company policy regarding employee welfare and the employer-employee relationship. They are also closely related to the labor policies of whichever countries they operate in. In recent times, there have been reports of employee maltreatment involving poor working conditions, extremely low wages, and lack of employee rights, especially among suppliers (Stadtler, Kilger, and Meyr 42). Large companies like Nike have been accused of working with rogue suppliers who do not respect labor rights, and this has damaged their reputations. As such, businesses and supply chains must demonstrate adherence to ethical practices and respect for labor laws. This involves communication and operational efficiency. To keep the supply chain running optimally, suppliers must communicate with their partners at various levels and ensure that all processes run seamlessly. There has to be good communication between businesses and suppliers, to reduce

The Life Of A Construction Manager

The Life Of A Construction Manager A construction manager is someone whose job it is to oversee, monitor and co ordinate the process of construction of a building from design and initial planning stage to finish of the building. This means architects, by the nature of their jobs can to some extent also act in the capacity of a project manager since they are trained in document control and financing projects as well handling resources and overseeing construction. In some instances like in design-build-operate procurement the job description of the construction manager goes as far as overseeing and managing the operation of the building(s). Construction project managers have many responsibilities that they have to attend to on a day to day basis. According to Ritz (1994) these responsibilities include: setting and achieving project objectives, purchasing of labour, equipment and materials, controlling of planning, design and estimation of costs as well as budgeting and monitoring progress of the project. He goes on to further state that the construction manager has to also handle project planning, costing, resource management such as time allocation, employee management and all communication necessary during a project including dispute resolution. In order to gain a better understanding of the typical day of a construction project manager I had to go interview one. I was fortunate enough to find a willing participant in Mr. Ngu Yen of Tomtek Malaysia Sdn Bhd which is a consultancy firm based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. What I learnt affirmed some of what I already knew from my studies and thought a construction manager goes through on a daily basis as well as gave me new insight into what it is that he actually does. Similar to other professionals in the construction industry like an architect, the day of a construction project manager usually begins with making phone calls and checking up on emails. He then checks his daily planner to see if there are any outstanding and important meetings scheduled for the day. On the day that I interviewed Mr. Yen, he had a big site meeting with a client as well as other contractors for a commercial project that his company was supposed to oversee. There was also another site visit to a cons truction site to check on the level of progress scheduled and a manning schedule for another project that needed reviewing. The work that the construction manager is hectic and stressful and requires a lot of employability skills, such as being organized, attentive to detail and an understanding of how a construction project is supposed to progress. During a construction project, the construction manager becomes the intermediary between the owners of the project (clients) and the workers on site. In this way the project manager acts in the same capacity as an architect. (Rojas 2009) the construction manager also has to be able to multi-task very well, as they often have to take notes while talking to the client and planning how to effect changes that a client, through the architect, will want done on the project. This was the case at the second site meeting where Mr. Yen was already preparing anticipated changes to the handover date of the project due to the fact that the client had relayed through the architect that there was changes that had to be made about the material used during construction. Workin g out the logistics proved to be a bit of a challenge especially as the contractor for the project was not familiar with knowledge on how to build using the new materials and there was now a need for a sub-contractor to take over erection of the building. On a daily basis, the construction project manager has to do office work to kep their records up to date and organised. They also have to schedule meetings for ongoing and upcoming projects to finalise issues such as budgeting, manpower requirements and procurement of material. The project manager will often chair the meetings and have to come up with clear goals and objectives for the rest of the members of the design team or the building team and ensure that these goals re achieved at the end of the meeting. Perhaps the hardest task in the day of the construction project manager is conflict resolution. Building projects require constant supervision to ensure the project will be finished on time, within the estimated cost and according to the quality specified. This usually results in contractors having to be pushed sometimes to get the job done, a move which they normally resent. As the custodian of the site and the project, the construction manager has to make sure that any issues raised by either the contractor or his workers are looked into and speedily resolved to make sure the project is not compromised. Apart from that the construction manager has to ensure the safety of the site for workers, pedestrians and other professionals who come to the site. It is the responsibility of the construction project manager under law to ensure site safety and check that safety measures are being put into practice as intended. This will involve talking to the site foreman and at extreme times or i n the case of serious emergencies halting the construction for an investigation into the accident to be carried out as well as safety recommendations to be implemented. The construction manager needs to be knowledgeable about the project as well in order to answer any questions the crew on site might have. On a busy day such as when the company is handling a lot of projects at once the project manager will be on his feet for most of the day. This results in a lot of stress and fatigue, hazards which they have to look out for and also deal with. Planning and organising people takes a lot of patience and the skill of foresight. (Walter A2007, pp 44) The major difference between what I thought I knew about the day of a project manager and what I actually saw and learn is that no two days are the same for the project manager. Each project has problems as well as solutions that are unique to it, and the project manager needs to have a lot of hands on experience sometimes to solve these problems and perform to the best of their ability. Conclusion At the end of the day the project manager has to do whatever it takes to get the job done. On a typical day they will rely on software to keep their schedule up to date, other professionals in the building industry to ensure the smooth continuation of the project as well as provide clients with input as well as feedback on the progress of their buildings. The project manager goes through a lot of meetings on any day and has to give precise instructions always to ensure the viability of the project. Communication plays a very important role in the day of the construction project management, coupled with a strong work ethic for excellence.

The Reality of War in John Knowles A Separate Peace Essay -- Separate

The Reality of War in John Knowles' A Separate Peace In his book A Separate Peace John Knowles communicates what war really is. He uses a number of complex characters in a very complicated plot in order to convey the harsh, sad, cruel, destructive forces of war. The Characters Gene and Finny are used as opposing forces in a struggle between that cold reality of war-that is World War II in this story-and a separate peace. A peace away from the real war and all of the terrible things that come with it. Through their relationship, that is a struggle on both sides from the beginning, Knowles establishes the reality of war in all of its essence. Gene Forrester is established as the force of reality which is the war. This idea is established clearly in a lengthy speech Gene gives as the narrator of the story in Chapter Three: Everyone has a moment in history which belongs particularly to him. It is the moment when his emotions achieve their most powerful sway over him, and afterward when you say to this person "the world today" or "life" or "reality" he will assume that you mean this moment, even if it is fifty years past. The world, through his unleashed emotions, imprinted itself upon him, and he carries the stamp of that passing moment forever. (32) This statement explains that Gene must have something that is his "stamp." This stamp appears to define an individual-exemplifying what he stands for. It is found that this is true in the next paragraph where Gene continues, "For me, this moment-four years is a moment in history-war the war. The war was and is reality for me. I still live and think in its atmosphere" (32). Later in the same paragraph he goes on to say: America is not, never has been, and never will be wha... ...ovels." Studies in Short Fiction (Newberry College), vol. 1, no. 2, Winter 1964, pp. 107-112. McDonald, James L. "The Novels of John Knowles." Arizona Quarterly, vol. 23, no. 4, Winter1967, pp. 335-342. Raven, Simon. "No Time for War." The Spectator, vol. 212, no. 6827, May 1, 1959. p. 630. Weber, Ronald. "Narrative Method in A Separate Peace." Studies in Short Fiction (Newberry College), vol. 3, no. 1, Fall 1965, pp. 63-72. Witherington, Paul. "A Separate Peace: A Study in Structural Ambiguity." English Journal (NCTE), vol. 54, no. 9, December 1965, pp. 795-800. Wolfe, Peter. "The Impact of Knowles's A Separate Peace." University of Missouri Review, vol. 36, no. 3, March 1970, pp. 189-198. "School Reports." Times Literary Supplement, no. 2983, May 1, 1959, p. 262. "The Leap." Time, vol. 75, no. 14, April 4, 1960, pp. 96, 98.

The Ethical dilemma

The ethical dilemma presented In the case study examines If you would allow an Innocent person to be charged with offense he did not commit. You have been asked to keep quiet by a friend, someone you have known for years. Although you are positive that your friends did not commit the act, you are sure there is an innocent person wrongfully accused. I believe that it is my duty to be honest and tell the truth about the situation. According to Morehouse (2013) ethics is concerned with the kind of values and morals an individual or a society finds desirable or appropriate.My motives for my decision are strictly based on my personal values and morals and not the relationship. Justification and reasoning Each relationship that we have whether personal or professional creates a human action. Whether these actions are directly or indirectly, they form some sort of obligation. The case study presented identified that I am friends of someone within my command who has asked me to withhold info rmation while the relationship with the accused is displeasing.Whether it is a moral obligation or the duties and right to aspect the rights of people, the obligation in the relationship are affected by our conduct. If I decided to keep the information to myself, I may be seen as loyal. However, my obligation would be respect the innocent when making a moral judgment. The values that I possess have a bearing to the relationships. These values are a moral obligation for the truth. The relationship has no relevance for my moral action. Ethical frameworks Addressing ethical issues from an awareness of the theoretical framework may increase a leader's moral development (Savannah et al. 1981; Goldberg, 1969). In order to comprehend the reason behind ethical motives, you must understand the ethical framework that guides these behaviors. The two ethical theories that deal with the behaviors are Teleological, which represent consequences and Deontological with represents duty. Teleological deals with a person's conduct producing desirable consequences. Deontological focuses on the actions of the leader and his obligations to do the right thing. Teleological or deontological frameworks do not take Into account the rights of individuals.

Inequality in British Schools Essay

The educational system is one of the most influential institutions in society as it provides young people with a vast amount of knowledge, attitudes and skills. These are acquired formally through set lessons or informally through the ‘hidden curriculum’ which provides the unofficial and unplanned consequences of school experience. Social Inequality is one of the major preoccupations of sociology. The relationship between inequality and education has been studied for many years. Although it seems obvious that educational success is simply down to an individual’s capabilities and motivation, sociological research shows that the inequalities in social class, gender and race and ethnicity have had a huge influence in the differential achievement within British schooling. The development of the educational system in Britain was first put in place to secure equal educational opportunities for all young people, however despite these efforts, sociological evidence states that not all children with the same ability achieve the same success. Some sociologists, such as Charles Murray have contended with the idea that genetic intellectual potential determines an individual’s performance in school. This idea is rejected by the conflict theorist’s as they believe social class to be one of the main factors that determine whether a child is successful at school or not, as there are major differences between the levels of achievement of those that are part of the working social class and those apart of the middle class. (Macionis. J, Plummer.K, 2008) One of the main explanations for this is material deprivation. Working class families are financially in a worse position than those of the middle class and therefore are not able to make the most of their educational opportunities. As they are living in poorer housing conditions they may not have the space at home to be able to complete their schoolwork with full concentration. The lack of financial funds means that many families will not be able to provide their children with the necessities needed to fully develop within education, for example a household computer, sports equipment, or even money for school trips. It may be financially difficult for parents on a low income to support their children in higher education as well. Although student grants have been put in place, many children avoid higher education as they worry about the debt or travel costs. It also more likely for those from a working class  background to be managing education with a part time job, such as paper rounds or shop work, this can cause conflict between the amount of time available for work and the amount of time spent on studying. (Browne. K, 2005) Research suggests that it is not only factors outside of the school that can effect achievement; there are also factors inside the school that have an impact on a child’s educational experiences. Teachers have been known to take into account things such as a child’s standard of behaviour, dress, speech and their social class and background and this reflects how teachers treat particular individuals within the classroom. Teachers are often part of the middle class and the children that share the same values and standards are likely to be seen as ‘brighter’ than those with working class values. The working class have a different focus on their values, attitudes and their lifestyle in soc iety. This often works as a barrier to the success of the working class. The blame for underachievement is often focused in the direction of the family and community. These material and cultural conditions put working class children at a disadvantage when it comes to achievement in schools. Many of these factors, which have no relation to biological potential, have contributed to the educational class divide in Britain. Sociologist Robert.K.Merton was credited for the term ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’ which focuses on a teacher’s attitude towards a pupil, for example if a pupil is labelled as bright and is encouraged and praised by the teacher, the child will feel self-confident and will strive for success. On the other hand if the teacher labels a pupil as ‘un co-operative’ or from a ‘poor’ background, this can cause low self-esteem and the pupil will be likely to fail to achieve much success. The Neo Marxist’s perspective on class stratification in Britain claims that schools create a ‘false class consciousness’ so it seems that they promote equal opportunities for all, but they really reproduce a capitalist division of labour, preparing young people for class-determined careers in the labour market. Willis (1977) accepts the Marxist’s view on education being closely linked to the needs of the capitalist’s system; however he does not agree with the idea of there being a direct link between education and the economy. (Macionis. J, Plummer.K, 2008) His study found that â€Å"poorer children often grow up in environments where people see little hope of upward social mobility and rebel against the system rather than trying to  conform with in. In such an environment adults often discourage rather than encourage success at school.† (Macionis. J, Plummer.K, 2008) Social class is not the only inequality in Britain’s schooling. So ciologists have also found a link between gender and academic success. Until the late 1980’s there was high concern about the underachievement of girls. Societies had been structured to consider schooling more important for males than for females. Although the gap in gender inequality has narrowed in Britain, many women still study traditionally feminine subjects, such as literature whilst men are more likely to study subjects that are seen to be more masculine like engineering. (Macionis. J, Plummer.K, 2008) Sue Sharpe in a 1976 survey called ‘just like a girl’ discovered that the priorities of young girls were ‘love, marriage, husbands, children and then jobs and careers, more or less in that order’. When she repeated her research in 1994, she found that the order had changed to ‘having a job, career and being able to support themselves before having a family.’ (Browne. K, 2005) Weiner (1995) has argued that teachers have more forcefully challenged stereotypes since the 1980’s and sexist images have been removed from learning materials, which could be the reason for the changes in girl’s attitudes towards their own education. The increase in incentives for girls to gain qu alifications has been due to a number of reasons, one of them being the women’s movement that managed to achieve a great deal of success in challenging traditional stereotypes for women’s roles in society. Many women now look past traditional roles, such as housewives and mothers and are motivated to gain independence and to do well in their careers. Women on average work hard during their time at school and are more motivated to do well. They put more effort into their presentation as they give up more time to do their school work. (Browne. K, 2005) It is clear that there have been major changes in the gender perception of girls in Britain’s schools and the inequalities between males and females has become less and less. Although certain traditional gender perceptions exist through subject choice, females now have more equal opportunities to gain knowledge within the classroom and achieve success. However in modern day society the tables have now turned and there has been a sudden ‘moral panic’ over the underachievement of boys. (Weiner, Arnot and David 1997) Swann (1992) found that boys dominated class discussion by often acting inappropriately and interrupting, whereas girls  are known to have a more laid back attitude within the classroom and are praised for their abilities to listen and co-operate, which leads to the teacher having a more positive view to girls within the class, helping to produce the ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’ of girls greater achievement levels. (Holborn.M and Langley.P, 2002) Mitsos and Browne accept that boys are under-achieving and suggest that it is because men are culturally encouraged to appear macho and tough in society and these types of behaviours take place within the classroom and distract from learning. They also believe that the decline in manual work may result in the working class boys losing motivation as it is getting harder and harder to find jobs. Although these reasons seem valid, sociologists believe that more research has to be done within this area. (Holborn.M and Langley.P, 2002) More recent studies on education and gender have come away from the simple ‘differential achievement’ and now take into account a lot more processes within schools. The active role of the pupil is seen to create gender relationships and the way in which children form ideas on identities is seen to have a bigger impact. We have discussed social class and gender inequalities within Britain’s schools; however we are still to look into ethni city and race and the effects this has on differential achievement within schools. Many children from ethnic minority backgrounds tend to not do as well as other members of the population when it comes to education. Similar to the working class issues as majority of ethnic minority groups are part of the working class they face a series of disadvantages in social conditions, such as poor housing conditions and higher rates of unemployment within their home, which can cause a disadvantage in the chances of success. (Macionis. J, Plummer.K, 2008) Ethnic minorities are also at a disadvantage in school as they often suffer from isolation or racism from other pupils or are even discriminated against from teachers. Although, all schools in Britain are now legally obliged to have an anti-racist policy and teachers are now trained in equality legislation, research in secondary schools has shown conflict between white teachers and African Caribbean pupils. Stereotypes of African Caribbean young males have caused teachers to have more positive expectations of other ethnic mi nority groups, more than others. This explains the high level of black exclusions from schools and also explains why most permanent exclusions are down to disobedience of some sort, for  example pupils refusing to conform to school rules or being verbally abusive to teachers. The Labelling of certain pupils can cause them to comply with what is expected of them, for example disruptive behaviour and therefore leads to major effects on achievement. Phoenix (2001) conducted numerous studies identifying racism in schools; some suggest teachers discriminate against black and South Asian students, treating them in stereotypical ways. (Holborn.M and Langley.P, 2002) Racism can cause ethnic minorities to feel in some ways rejected from society and therefore racism within schools can cause young people to feel rejected from school as well, which can lead to prevention of achievement as individuals are not able to work to their full potential as they are not happy and comfortable in the school environment. Not all sociologists agree with the inequalities of ethnic minorities in schools. Taylor (1981) argues that the emphasis on faults in the education system should be treated with some degree of caution. Teachers do not necessarily behave in ways that reflect negative stereotypes of ethnic minority groups according to Taylor and that many teachers consider ethnic equality within schools to be of a high level of importance. (Holborn.M and Langley.P, 2002) There is enough evidence to link differential achievement with inequalities within Britain’s schools. Social class and ethnic inequalities effect the education and success of some pupils to some extent. Although, there have been developments and improvements on equality in society as a whole including educational institutions, there is still a long way to go before all individuals can be provided with equal opportunities of success. There are still clear class divisions within Britain’s schools as the working class are constantly at a disadvantage which prevents them from achieving to their full potential. Ethnic minority groups have very similar issues that need to be addressed in order for equal opportunities to evolve. However, there have been drastic changes in gender equality in schools and females and males are now being treated equally within the classroom. These changes have occurred within the whole of society as traditional gender stereotypes have been broken. These changes have had positive results as females now strive to achieve success. Referencing Browne, K., 2005. An introduction to sociology. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Polity Press Holborn, M., Langley, P., 2002. Sociology Themes and Perspectives. Fulham: Collins Macionis, J.J., Plummer, K., 2008. Sociology. 4th ed. Essex: Pearson Moore, S., Aiken, D., Chapman, S., 2006. Sociology A2. 2nd ed. Fulham: Collins Girls and Education (online) Available at: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/girls_education.htm Assessed on 07/06/2012

Balanced Diet for an Adult Essay Essay Example

Balanced Diet for an Adult Essay Essay Example Balanced Diet for an Adult Essay Essay Balanced Diet for an Adult Essay Essay Food is an built-in portion of human life supplying energy for cellular activities to maintain us healthy. Harmonizing to World Health Organization ( 2013 ) . healthy nutrition is consuming an adequate and good balanced diet in relation to the body’s dietetic demands and when combined with regular physical activities is the basis to good wellness. A diet incorporating the right parts of all the five nutrient groups of the Eatwell Plate ( figure1 and appendix1 for recommended helpings ) known as a balanced diet will supply the organic macronutrients including proteins. saccharides and lipoids and the micronutrients. vitamins and minerals to prolong life. Merely ingested saccharides. proteins and lipoids will number towards entire thermal consumption and will be digested into monomers like glucose for soaking up and assimilation. National Health Service ( 2012 ) recommends day-to-day thermal consumption of 2500Kcal and 2000Kcal which will be derived from the proteins. lipoids and saccharide beginnings in a diet for mean grownup males and females severally. Age. sex. wellness status and physical activities influence dietetic demands. This essay will discourse a balanced diet for an grownup including the construction. beginnings. maps. recommended day-to-day allowance ( RDAs ) . lack and inordinate effects of the macronutrients. Besides the micronutrients and H2O which are non considered as foods will be discussed. THE FOOD PYRAMID [ movie ] Figure1 ( NHS 2011 ) Carbohydrates contain C. H and O. British Nutrition Foundation ( 2013 ) . recommends that 47. 7 % ( 203g ) and 48. 5 % ( 275g ) of day-to-day energy should come from saccharides for females and males severally with 29g being fibers. Carbohydrates exist of course or refined as monosaccharoses that are cut downing sugars. Monosaccharides build the complex saccharides. disaccharides and polyoses through desiccation synthesis. Monosaccharides have general expression ( CH2O ) N where ‘n’ determines whether pentose ( 5Carbons ) or hexose ( 6Carbons ) . Glucose found in maple sirup. fructose in maize sirup and brain sugar in honey are hexose-isomers ; holding the same expression. C6H12O6 but different constructions. The disaccharides with the general expression C12H22O11 are sucrose made from fructose and glucose. maltose from two glucose molecules and lactose from brain sugar and glucose. Sucrose is derived from Beta vulgaris sugar. milk sugar from milk and malt sugar from acetum. The polyoses with general expression ( C6H10O5 ) n where 40?n?3000. be as amylum or non-starch polyoses ( NSPs ) which can be soluble or indissoluble. Starch consists of glucose molecules joined by glycosidic bonds. The NSPs include oligosaccharide ( raffinose ) and cellulose ( dietetic fiber ) . Potatoes. yams and manioc are rich in amylum and are really digestible. Whole grain cereals. leguminous plants ( appendix2 ) . fruits and storage veggies like Asparagus officinales and chou are rich in the NSPs. Raffinose is an indigestible trisaccharide of fruit sugar. glucose and brain sugar with expression C18H32O16. Animal beginnings of saccharides are liver and crenations. Carbohydrates provide sugariness and are the primary beginning of energy particularly for encephalon and blood cells. Cellular respiration converts glucose monomers into ATP. Fats can non be oxidised without glucose. Most NSPs are partly digestible or indigestible due to miss of ?-galactosidae ( enzyme ) in GI Tract. They cut down glycaemia index and plasma cholesterin degrees. addition gall acerb elimination. advance normal defecation and prevent chest malignant neoplastic disease. bilestones. hemorrhoids. and cranky intestine syndrome ( Kumar et all 2012 ) . Furthermore. Kumar ( 2012 ) concluded that inordinate saccharides will do dental decay. kidney harm. shot. diabetes due to fleshiness and short term conditions like hyperglycemia. Carbohydrate lack will do irregularity. weariness. weak unsusceptibility. musculus spasms and ketonemia ; this is really rare as 50g/day of saccharide is needed to forestall ketonemia. THE DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS TO FORM MALTOSE [ movie ] Figure2 Equation: ( C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 = C12H22O11 + H2O ) ( Marshall University 2012 ) Proteins or polypeptides consist of three to 100000 or more long ironss of the organic molecules called aminic acids joined together by covalent peptide bonds. A protein of two aminic acids is called a dipeptide. There are 20 common signifiers of amino acids either termed non-essential ( synthesised by the liver ) and indispensable that needs to be ingested. Proteins consist of a cardinal C atom. a H atom. amino group ( -NH2 ) . Carboxylic group ( -COOH ) and the variable R group ( figure3 ) . The term amino acid is derived from the amino and carboxylic groups that all amino acids have in common. Harmonizing Kuil ( 2012 ) . chief beginnings of proteins are thin meat. seafood. domestic fowl. eggs. cereals. leguminous plants ( mention to appendix3 ) . cereals and processed nutrient like low-fat milk. Proteins form about 45 % of human organic structure and execute the following seven indispensable maps: structural ( hair. ligaments ) . contractile ( musculuss ) . conveyance ( hemoglobin ) . metabolic ordinance ( enzymes ) . buffering. defense mechanism ( antibodies ) and coordination and control ( endocrines ) ( Martini 2006 ) . Haemoglobin transports O and a deficiency of protein ( hemoglobin ) can deny critical variety meats the needed O for metamorphosis. Protein lack can besides do weariness. anemia. weak unsusceptibility. skin jobs. damage of knowledge and mental wellness jobs. Whereas inordinate proteins can do fleshiness. osteoporosis and kidney rocks ( Georgetown University 2012 ) . About 15 % of an adults’ thermal consumption should come from protein equivalent to 56g and 46g for male and female severally ( Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention. 2012 ) . DEHYDRATION OF AMINO ACIDS TO FORM DIPEPTIDE PROTEINS [ movie ] Figure3 ( Marshall University 2012 ) Lipids are made up of an even figure of C from 12 to 20. O. H and sometimes hints of P. sulfur or N. Lipids are grouped into 4: steroids. phospholipids. waxes and acylglycerols. Most of the 70 identified lipoids are synthesised by the organic structure whereas linoleic ( omega6 ) and alpha-linolenic ( omega3 ) acids are two indispensable lipoids to be ingested. They are largely indissoluble due to the long concatenation of hydrophobic carbon-carbon terminal bonded to a short hydrophilic carboxyl group. The dual covalent bond. ( C=C ) determines whether saturated ( no C=C ) or monounsaturated ( 1 C=C ) or polyunsaturated ( 2 or more C=C ) . Glycerides are made up of glycerin bonded to 1 or more fatty acids by desiccation synthesis. triglyceride with 3 fatty acids is the predominant of the lipoids ( mention figure4 ) . Unsaturated beginnings of lipoids are olive oil. peanut. salmon. halibut and alligator pear. Saturated beginnings are butter. sausage and hydrogenated oil. Harmonizing to British Dietetic Association ( 2013 ) . grownups should devour non more than 20-30g of saturated-fat with 5g or less being trans-fat since saturated lipoids are high in cholesterin. The structural lipoids signifier cell membranes. Besides fat shock absorbers and protects variety meats including liver. bosom. and kidney. energy beginning ; twice every bit much as saccharides and proteins. thermoregulation ( insularity ) . sex endocrines. conveyance vitamins and monounsaturated fat can diminish cholesterin degrees ( USA Department of Agriculture. 2010 ) . Excessive ingestion of lipoids will take to fleshiness which is characterised by high BMI as shown in appendix 2. cardiovascular diseases. high blood pressure. colorectal malignant neoplastic disease and diabetes. whereas lack will ensue in the organic structure missing the critical vitamins A. D. E and K ( Schenker. 2012 ) . DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS TO FORM TRIGLYCERIDE [ movie ] Figure4 ( Marshall University 2012 ) The micronutrients. vitamins and minerals are needed in minute measures. Minerals can be classified as major or hint of which a few are indispensable including Na. K. Mg. Zn. Fe. Ca. I. etc. ( refer to appendix4 for RDAs ) . Harmonizing to Higdon and Drake ( 2011 ) . beginnings of minerals are workss that derive them from the dirt and move on the nutrient concatenation to the herbivores like cowss that eat them. Spinach. leguminous plants. whole grains. dairy merchandises. ruddy meat. soya beans. salmon. pod. iodised table salt ( I. Na. Cl ) and eggs are first-class beginnings of minerals. Harmonizing to Whitley and Rolfes ( 2011 ) . minerals perform the undermentioned maps: the electrolytes. Na. K and Cl transmit nervus urges. control unstable balance ( supplying optimal pH for enzyme activities ) . command blood force per unit area and relax and contract musculuss. Zinc. Cu and Se are antioxidants ; they cut down the hazard of bosom diseases. Iron forms hemoglobin. Sodium and K coregulate ATP production. Calcium and P control blood curdling and together with Mg physique castanetss. dentitions. maintain musculus and nervus cells. Iodine is needed for the production of tetraiodothyronine ; lack will do goiter. Since some minerals are coenzymes. lack will do misfunctioning cellular activities ( digestion. metamorphosis ) . Iron lack causes anaemia whereas Ca. P and Mg ( hypocalcemia ) lack will do osteoporosis. Calcium. Mg and the electrolytes lacks will do failing. musculus spasms and impaired watchfulness. Zinc lack causes diarrhea. tegument and prostate malignant neoplastic diseases. Their consumption should be balanced with usage and elimination as surplus may do Hyperkalaemia ( K ) . kidney-stones ( Ca ) and hypernatremia ( Na ) . Vitamins are grouped into H2O soluble ( WSV ) including C and B complex vitamins ; they can non be stored and hence. it is imperative to be portion of a balanced diet. and fat soluble ( FS ) including vitamins K. E. D. and A ; they can be stored ( mention appendix 5 for RDA ) . Green leafy veggies ( boodle ) . oranges. kiwi fruit. alligator pear. whole grains and cereals. banana. dairy merchandises. liver. domestic fowl. porc. oily fish. eggs. soya beans. garbanzos and nuts are first-class beginnings of the vitamins ( Firth 2011 ) . Vitamin K can be synthesised in the bowel which helps the blood coagulum whereas Vitamin D can be synthesised by the organic structure utilizing sunshine to assist the soaking up of Ca and P ( Cranney et Al ( 2010 ) . Vitamins A and C build unsusceptibility. Vitamins B1. B2. B3. and vitamin H aid let go of energy. Vitamin A. nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid aid the soaking up and usage of macronutrients monomers. Vitamin C makes collagen and enhances folate soaking up. Vitamin lack by and large causes weak unsusceptibility and osteoporosis ( Vitamin D ) . scorbutus ( Vitamin C ) . beriberi ( B1 ) . anemia ( B12 and vitamin Bc ) and dark sightlessness ( Vitamin A ) . Excessive sums of vitamins E and K are normally non harmful but extra A. D and the WSV which can be excreted cause kidney jobs and hypercalcemia ( extra D ) . Excessive vitamin C causes diarrhea ( NHS 2012 ) . In decision. disbursement overly on addendums and picks every bit good as prosecuting in unsafe diets like the Atkins Diet are non necessary. The secret to healthy life is carefully choosing the right proportions of nutrient from the Eatwell home base. imbibing adequate H2O in combination with regular exercisings. Figure 5 and appendix 6 show maps of H2O. See the positives and negatives when choosing nutrient merchandises such as ruddy meat ; rich in protein but high in cholesterin whereas fatty fish enhances Ca soaking up. Soy. liver. green leafy veggies. whole grains and leguminous plants will supply about all the foods ; unite them in your diet in right proportions for optimum hormonal. metabolic. mental and physical maps of the organic structure. It is of import to confer with a physician before get downing any diet as nutritionary demands are affected by wellness and some medicines affect soaking up of foods. FUNCTIONS OF WATER IN THE BODY [ movie ] Figure 5 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. 2013 List OF APPENDIXES APPENDIX 1 |FOOD GROUP|SERVINGS PER DAY | |Carbohydrates including staff of life. pasta. rice. murphies and other starchy nutrients |6-10 helpings | |Fruits and veggies |3-5 helpings | |Meat. fish. eggs. beans and nuts |2-3 helpings | |Milk and dairy nutrients |2-3 helpings | |Food and drinks high in fat and/or in sugar |Use meagerly | University of Michigan Integrative Medicine. 2010 APPENDIX 2: Fleshiness AND BODY MASS INDEX ( BMI ) |BMI |LEVEL OF OBESITY | |Below 18. 5 |Underweight | |From 18. 5-24. 9 |Healthy Range | |From 25-30 |Pre Obese | |Above 30 |Obese | NHS. 2012 APPENDIX 3: Food GROUPS AND EXAMPLES |FOOD GROUP |EXAMPLES | |Legumes |Beans. Lentils. Peas. Chickpeas. Gallic beans. Kidney. soya beans. Coco beans etc. | |Whole grains |Barley. Corn. Millet. Oats. Rice. Milo. Wheat| |Green leafy veggies |Spinach. Broccoli. Lettuce. Cabbage. Mustard green. Kale examples | APPENDIX 4: Minerals AND THEIR RDA |SYMBLE |SOURCES |RDA | |Na ( Sodium ) |Table Salt. Sea veggies. Spinacia oleracea. milk |6g | |Ca ( Calcium ) |Salmon. Sardine. eggs. dairy merchandises. nuts. marjoram |700mg | |K ( Potassium ) |Spinach. leguminous plants. tomatoes. banana. alligator pear. whole grains and |3500mg | | |yams | | |P ( Phosphate ) |Fish. domestic fowl. oats. rice. ruddy meat. |700mg | |Fe ( Iron ) |Eggs. Spinacia oleracea. runts. soya beans. lentils. tomatoes. olives. |M=8. 7mg / F=4. 8mg | | |tomatoes | | |Mg ( Magnesium ) |Spinach. soya bean. sea veggies. tomatoes. beans. Brazil nuts|M=300mg / F=270mg | |I ( Iodine ) |Eggs. milk. fish. shellfish. yogurt. strawberries. iodinated |0. 14mg | | |salt | | |Se ( Selenium ) |Cod. salmon. Allium sativum. lamb. cheese. calf liver. barley. brazil |75mcg | | |nuts | | |Zn ( Zinc ) |Calf liver. Spinacia oleracea. eggs. oats. oyster. thin porc and beef. |M=5. 5-9. 5mg / F=4-7mg | | |asparagus | | USA Department of Agriculture / Department of Health. 2010 APPENDIX 5: Vitamin AND THEIR RDA’S |VITAMIN |SOURCES |RDA | |Retinol ( A ) |Liver. fish oil. carotenoids. milk fortified |M=0. 7mg / F=0. 6mg | |Ascorbic acid ( C ) |Citrus ( oranges ) . Chinese gooseberry fruit. broccoli |40mg | |Thiamin ( B1 ) |Liver. porc. whole grains and merchandises |M=1mg / F=0. 8mg | |Riboflavin ( B2 ) |Liver. eggs. milk. rice. mushrooms |M=1. 3mg / F=1. 1mg | |Niacin ( B3 ) |Poultry. fish. beef. peanut butter. leguminous plants |M=17mg / F=13mg | |Pyridoxine ( B6 ) |Liver. porc. leguminous plants. fish. whole grains |M=1. 4mg / F=1. 2mg | |Cobalamin ( B12 ) |Beef. domestic fowl. pod. salmon. cheese. eggs |0. 0015mg | |Vitamin E |Vegetable oil. green veggies. nuts |12mg | |Folate |Broccoli. peas. Asparagus officinales. brown rice |0. 2mg | |Pantothenic acid |Milk. fruits. vegetables. meat. fish. grains |10mg | |Biotin |Cottage cheese. liver. eggs. peanut. grain |300mcg | |Vitamin K |Green veggies. fruits. nuts |75mg | |Note that Vitamin K can be synthesised in the bowel whereas Vitamin D can b e derived pink-orange. fortified cereals and juices. milk and | |sunlight ( No RDA but 15minutes in the Sun thrice a hebdomad is adequate ) | USA Department of Agriculture / Department of Health. 2010 APPENDIX 6: RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE FOR WATER |SEX |RDA FOR WATER | |MALE |3. 7L with no upper bound addition with exercising to rehydrate | |FEMALE |2. 7L with no upper bound addition with exercising to rehydrate and increase consumption when | | |breast eating. | INSTITUTE OF MEDICENE 2004 REFERENCE LIST ONLINE ? 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